Episode 94 — Relevance

usefulartsThis epiosde of The Engineering Commons finds Adam, Brian, and Jeff discussing what it means to be relevant, and how engineers can increase their relevance on the job.

  • Brian is not entirely sure what a thought leader is, but he’s pretty certain he doesn’t want to be one.
  • However, Brian invents the perfect term for someone who’s the opposite of a thought leader; they must be a thought-hole! (You heard it here first…)
  • Jeff opines that one’s relevance is largely dependent on others; seeing yourself as relevant is not nearly as important as having others perceive you as relevant.
  • Malcolm Gladwell has written a magazine article for The New Yorker about the difficulty of matching candidates with jobs, which he calls the “quarterback problem.”
  • Brian notes that engineers often get hired based on the skill set needed to complete a behind-schedule project, rather than their abilities in getting a fresh project off to a good start.
  • Lewin’s change management model (unfreeze, change, refreeze) is referenced by Jeff.
  • We talked with Kathryn Jablokow about creative diversity in Episode 76; it’s possible to be creative through both adaption and innovation.
  • Jeff makes the point that it’s possible to be relevant in many different ways, ranging from abstract observations to specific implementations.
  • Daniel Pink authored the 2012 book “To Sell Is Human: The Surprising Truth About Moving Others.”
  • Jeff inquires if Daniel Pink has a valid hypothesis; is it true that “we’re all in sales now?”
  • We envision a class in self-promotion. Or as Brian terms it, learning the proper amount of humble-bragging. (Apparently, the proper amount is little, as humble-bragging isn’t the best form of self-promotion.)
  • The ABC mantra of sales, according to author Pink, is no longer “always be closing,” but is now “attunement, buoyancy, and clarity.”
  • Brian references Occam’s razor in describing the difficulty one encounters in pursuing clarity of meaning and intent.
  • Robert Greene’s book “Mastery” has been on Brian’s reading list for a while.
  • A 2013 article by Jason Nazar, in Forbes magazine, discusses “The 21 Principles of Persuasion.”
  • Jeff makes the case that one can be relevant as a leader, follower, or rabble-rouser. His mental image? The “marching band” scene from the movie Animal House.
  • A 2014 book, “The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies,” is tangentially mentioned by Brian.
  • Brian doesn’t think our future is as distopian as predicted by the YouTube video, “Humans Need Not Apply.”
  • Jeff suggests building an emotional bond between humans and artificially created art is difficult (apparently forgetting about Japanese singing sensation Hatsune Miku).
  • Adam puts out a request for a few engineering robots, if any of our listeners can access advanced AI technology.

Thanks to Richard Adams for the photo titled “Useful arts?” Podcast theme music by Paul Stevenson.

Episode 93 — Capacitors

capacitorElectrical engineer James Lewis stops by to share his insights on the surprisingly complex world of capacitors.

  • Carmen introduces the show as covering “passives.” This refers to passive electrical devices that have no control over voltage, current, or signal gain.
  • Our guest for this episode is electrical engineer James Lewis, a Marketing Director for capacitor manufacturing firm KEMET.
  • Jeff notes a series of articles on the Dangerous Prototypes website titled “Passives Aren’t Really So Passive.”
  • Brian references using “NPO” capacitors, which refers to a highly stable form of ceramic capacitor.
  • James got interested in electronics during high school, when he discovered he could overclock his TI-85 calculator by swapping out a capacitor.
  • Apparently Carmen spent too many hours playing Block Dude on his calculator during his high school days.
  • Our guest became a field application engineer (FAE) upon graduating from college.
  • According to James, a deep knowledge of materials and chemical processes is crucial for developing and manufacturing capacitors.
  • There are five typical uses for capacitors:
    1. Decoupling: Removing noise (or alternating current elements) from a fixed voltage signal signal.
    2. Filtering: Removing unwanted signal frequencies.
    3. Wave Shaping: Using a capacitor’s charging and discharging characteristics to create desired waveforms.
    4. Coupling: Allowing desired frequency elements to pass from one circuit stage to the next.
    5. Oscillation: Creating a sinusoidal waveform of a desired frequency.
  • For a long time, it was widely claimed that everyone should drink 8 glasses of water a day. Now, that viewpoint is much less prevalent.
  • Carmen, Jeff and Brian have distinctly different viewpoints about how a capacitor works.
  • A range of materials and construction methods can be used to create capacitors with differing performance characteristics:
    1. Ceramic capacitors are thermally stable and provide precise capacitive values.
    2. Electrolytic capacitors (either aluminum or tantalum) are good for storing a large amount of charge.
    3. Film capacitors can handle voltages in excess of 500 volts.
  • Although ideal capacitors theoretically exhibit no resistance or inductance, real-world capacitors are subject to equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL).
  • KEMET has a tool called K-Sim which allows designers to view how capacitor parameters vary with frequency, voltage, and temperature.
  • When he was working as an FAE, James encountered problems with counterfeit capacitors at least once a month.
  • Under the heading of “Why did they do that?”, the electronics industry marks the negative lead (cathode) of aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and the positive lead (anode) of tantalum electrolytic capacitors.
  • Supercapacitors bridge the gap between capacitors and batteries.
  • While James is sure graphene will lead to better capacitors, he still waiting for its breakthrough application.
  • EEStor is a company claiming significant advances in capacitor charge density and operating voltages.
  • James mentions the KEMET Engineering Center and KEMET Institute of Technology (KIT) as resources for engineers wanting to learn more about capacitors.
  • A more technically in-depth interview with James about capacitor performance can be found on Episode 25 of the Spark Gap podcast.
  • James publishes instructional videos about electronics on his AddOhms YouTube channel.
  • Listeners can delve into our guest’s writings on his Bald Engineer blog.
  • James can be found on Twitter as @baldengineer.

Thanks to Kiran Foster for the photo titled “capacitor.” Podcast theme music by Paul Stevenson.

Episode 92 — Garage Gear

garagegearAdam, Brian, Carmen and Jeff discuss tools they use for utility and enjoyment at home, where the cost-to-quality evaluation is slightly different than in the workplace.

  • Jeff’s collection of tools is rather ancient, as suggested by his 35 year old corded Craftsman drill, and his 20 year old cordless Mikata drill with rapidly fading batteries.
  • Going to big box stores (Home Depot, Lowe’s, etc.) a week or two after Black Friday is Brian’s suggestion for getting tools at a good price.
  • A hot air gun is useful for stripping paint, melting solder, constricting heat shrink, thawing ice, and bending plastic sheet.
  • Brian’s friend successfully removed 150 year old paint using a heat gun and a 5-in-1 painter’s tool.
  • It’s hard to beat the utility of locking pliers, better known as Vice-Grips.
  • While Jeff finds his Dremel rotary tool to be extremely practical, Brian has only succeeded in using his to “wreck” projects.
  • A router table accessory has increased the usefulness of Adam’s Dremel tool.
  • For larger scale projects, Brian and Adam find their angle grinders make short work of cutting and grinding tasks.
  • Carmen built his workbench using the 2×4 Basics system by Hopkins Manufacturing.
  • Butcher block countertops can be found at IKEA, although they are also available from other sources.
  • Many common tools can be found at Harbor Freight, Northern Tool, and Tractor Supply.
  • Supposedly, the average electrical drill is only used for a few minutes over its lifetime, although a valid study citation seems hard to locate.
  • Carmen is happy with his Harbor Freight Big Red tool chest, which is said to deliver good bang for the buck.
  • Adam Savage’s first order retrievability metric has led him to develop some very innovative toolboxes.
  • You can compare your desk layout with that of others in the Workbenches and Battlestations reddits.
  • Carmen alerts us to some well-considered workbench tips from Jeff Duntemann.
  • An impact driver has proven a useful tool for Carmen and Brian. Versions from Milwaukee and Craftsman are mentioned.
  • Although Brian believes no shop is complete without a Bridgeport mill, Jeff notes any big piece of equipment must be used regularly to balance the accompanying maintenance and opportunity costs.
  • Adam opines that one’s first drill purchase should be a corded drill, as it is not subject to changes in battery technology.
  • Rigol oscilloscopes are plenty good, say Brian and Carmen, for most home electronics projects.
  • Some improvements can be made to the Rigol scopes, however, if one has a sense of adventure.
  • A digital multi-meter (DMM) is a useful for troubleshooting most household electrical problems.
  • Common communication protocols for microcontroller-level devices include Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), or “I-squared C.”
  • The Digilent Analog Discovery USB Oscilloscope is recommended by Carmen as being one of the better USB scopes. This model has also been reviewed on EEVblog by Dave Jones.
  • A ball-grid array (BGA) surface mount device uses small spheres on the bottom of the device to make electrical connections with the circuit board.
  • Brian has had good luck with low-temperature solder paste, available from Digi-Key.
  • Reciprocating saws, often referred to by the trade name Sawzall, have been put to good use by Adam and Jeff.

Thanks to Mark Hunter for the photo titled “Bosch GSB 16 RE Impact Drill.” Podcast theme music by Paul Stevenson.

Practical insights for the engineering crowd